Living Wills - No More Bail Outs for Fat Cats

Since the financial crisis, American has grown tired of cleaning up after bankers who put hands in taxpayer’s pocket and are not never accountable for the mistakes they make.

金融海嘯之後，美國人厭倦了要從他們已經很薄的荷包裡掏錢，為只顧賺錢不揹責任的銀行家所犯的錯擦屁股，所以，在2010年，就通過了這個「華爾街改革及金融消費者保護法」，還以推動最力的兩位國會議員（一參Dodd、一眾Frank）為名。

這個法，要求大銀行對聯準會和聯邦存款保險公司提出詳盡、可信之計畫（反面比方，像小英的「新南向」與「亞洲矽谷」，就不屬於這種），確保萬一他們要倒了，也不會用到納稅人一毛錢。

死亡計畫-銀行的緊箍咒

“big banks are required to submit detailed plans convincing the Fed and FDIC they have credible plans for failing without costing taxpayers a dime.”

如果銀行提出的「死亡計畫」不靠譜呢？那麼監管單位還有權命令那些銀行增資以提高資本適足率（自有資本與風險性資產之比率）、砍業務、甚至全面重整其營運。

“If the regulators feel that the plans aren’t sufficient, they have the power to order the banks to increase their capital cushions to guard against further losses, and, eventually, to order an extensive restructuring of their operations, including shedding certain business lines.”

今年四月，Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley 和 Citigroup所提交的計畫已經通過了監管單位的評估，至於 J.P. Morgan Chase, Wells Fargo, Bank of America, Bank of New York Mellon Corp., 和 State Street Corp. 的計畫則「不夠可信」，昨天才又提交了新版。提交出來的計畫，有小部分被公開（每家銀行可被公開的都約50頁左右），其餘的則因保密之理由，只讓監管單位審查。